What are Ceramic Materials?
Ceramic material is understood to be the product of various raw materials, especially clays, which are manufactured in the form of powder or paste and which, when subjected to firing, undergo physical-chemical processes by which they acquire a stone consistency.
In other words, they are non-metallic inorganic solid materials produced by heat treatment.
Ceramic materials, compared to metals and plastics, are hard, non-combustible and non-oxidizable. In addition, they can be used in high temperature and corrosive environments.
In such environments, many ceramics exhibit good electromagnetic, optical, and mechanical properties.
Types of Ceramic Materials
Depending on the nature and treatment of the raw materials and the firing process, two large groups of ceramic materials are distinguished: coarse ceramics and fine ceramics.
Porous or thick ceramic materials: Their fracture is earthy, being completely permeable to gases, liquids and fats.
Impermeable or thin ceramic materials: Those that are subjected to temperatures high enough to completely vitrify the quartz sand. Thus, waterproof and harder products are obtained. The most important are:
Common ceramic stoneware: obtained from ordinary clays, subjected to temperatures of about 1,300 °C. Widely used in floors and walls.
Fine ceramic stoneware: Obtained from clays containing metal oxides to which a flux is added to lower the melting point.
Subsequently, they are placed in an oven at around 1,300 °C. When the firing is about to end, the objects are impregnated with sea salt that reacts with the clay forming a thin layer of vitrified alkaline silicoaluminate that gives the stoneware its characteristic glaze.
The original material of the ceramic piece, but with avant-garde designs. Ideal for use in interior coverings.
White body is a trend in the ceramic sector for aesthetics and distinction. Its non-colored finish allows good results on painted tiles and ceramic pieces.
Porcelain stoneware flooring is the most recent type of ceramic tile on the market. In addition to low water absorption and mechanical resistance, it can also be manufactured in large formats and with very thin thicknesses.
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